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Although the role of clinical/biological factors associated with mortality has already been explored in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy, little attention has so far been paid to the potential role of social and demographic vulnerability. This is a retrospective cohort study from 2017 to 2022. Data were collected from the records of 292 patients. Statistical analyses were performed using R software version 4.2.2. The Cox model was used to identify sociodemographic factors associated with mortality. The prevalence of death was 33%. The crude mortality rate was 24.42 per 100 person-years. Median follow-up was 9 months with IQR: [4 ;26], sex ratio M/F was 0.9. In multivariate analysis, variables significantly associated with mortality were: not going to school (HR=3.2 , IC95% =[2,4.5], p=3.5e-5), living in a rural area (HR=2.94,IC95% =[2,4.5], p=3.5e-5), unemployed (HR= 2.94 , IC95% =[2,4.5], p=3. 5e-5), non-participation in associative activities (HR=2.94 ,IC95% =[2,4.5], p=3.5e-5), non-participation in community life (HR= 2.94 , IC95% = [2,4.5],p=3.5e-5) and being single, divorced or widowed (HR=2.94 ,IC95%=[2,4.5], p=3.5e-5). Socio-demographic vulnerability remains a major predictor of mortality in patients treated with ARVs. There is a real need for innovative interventions targeting individuals with multiple sources of social vulnerability, to ensure that social inequalities do not continue to lead to higher mortality.