Effect of temperature and salinity on the eclosion and survival of Aedes aegypti (L) (Diptera: Culicidae) from Western Mexico

Introduction: Aedes aegypti (L) (Diptera: Culicidae) is a cosmopolitan species and a vector of arboviruses. Variations in the temperature and salinity of the water affect eclosion and survival during the larval stages. Objective: Evaluate the effect of different temperatures and salinities on the eclosion of eggs and the survival of larvae, pupae and adults in laboratory conditions. Methods: Ae. aegypti larvae were collected from artificial reservoirs in a peri-urban area of Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico, and maintained until the adult stage. The eggs obtained were subjected to eight temperatures (15, 17, 20, 25, 27, 30, 32 and 35 °C). Fifteen eggs were placed in quintuplicate and eclosion was evaluated for 96 h. One hundred eggs were placed with water adjusted to 0.3, 2, 5, 10, 15, 18 and 22 psu and eclosion was evaluated until 96 h. Additionally, stage IV larvae were used in quintuplicate, subjecting them to the same salinities and evaluating survival until 48 h. The effect of salinity on oviposition by females was determined by introducing containers with the same salinity into the entomological cages. Results: 100 percent eclosion was recorded at 24 and 48 h, whereas no eclosion occurred at a temperature of 35 °C. Salinities of 22 and 18 psu caused 100 percent mortality at 24 h, whereas 50 percent survived at a salinity of 15 psu. At concentrations of 2, 5 and 10 psu 100 percent of the larvae survived until the adult stage. Survival of stage IV larvae in treatments 2, 5 and 10 was 100%, whereas in 15, 18 and 22 psu it fell to 50, 80 and 100 percent, respectively (p˂ 0.05). The different salinities did not affect oviposition significantly. Eclosion only occurred at concentrations of 0.3, 2, 5 and 10 psu. Oviposited eggs at concentrations of 15, 18 and 22 psu did not eclose until they were transferred to fresh water, where eclosion percentages ranged between 80 percent and 90 percent. Conclusions: Ae. aegypti embryos have great plasticity to endure drastic changes in temperature and salinity. Effective control of their populations should include inspection of ponds and reservoirs containing brackish water of up to 18 psu(AU)