The prevalence of antibodies against Leptospira in urban human and canine populations from the Tolima Department

Objective Determining Leptospira sp. antibody seroprevalence and prevalent serovars in human and canine populations from three municipalities in the Tolima department of Colombia. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study (subjects being selected by convenience sampling in 62 districts). Samples were collected from 850 dogs and 850 people during June, July and August 2007; these were processed using a microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and five serovars: Hardjo, Pomona, Grippotyphosa, Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Bratislava. MAT was considered positive when 50 percent or more leptospira were agglutinated with one or more serovars in a 1:100 serum dilution in both species. Results At least one serovar showed evidence of infection in 6 percent of the people and 21.4 percent of canines. The most prevalent serovars were Pomona and Grippotyphosa in two populations. Co-agglutinations were present in 49 percent of human sera and 19.2 percent of canine samples. Decreased Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar agglutination frequency was evident in dogs. Conclusions There was a change in leptospirosis pattern in urban populations. Active and passive surveillance must be strengthened, routine diagnostic tests implemented and preventative measures taken in specific animal reservoirs.