Weight Loss in Weight Watchers Online with and without an Activity Tracking Device Compared to Control: A Randomized Trial

Objective: To evaluate a commercial online weight loss program and activity tracker, which are popular but have unknown efficacy. Methods: Two hundred seventy-nine participants with BMI 27 to 40 kg/m(2) were randomized to 12 months of the Weight Watchers Online program alone (WWO) or with the ActiveLink (R) activity tracking device (WWO1AL) or an online newsletter (Control). Results: Weight losses at 3 months were significantly greater in WWO (2.7 kg [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.0-3.5 kg] than Control (1.3 kg [95% CI, 0.5-2.0 kg]; P=0.01); neither differed from WWO1AL (2.0 kg [95% CI, 1.3-2.7 kg]; Ps>0.56). Significantly more WWO participants (24.5%) achieved >= 5% weight loss at 3 months than Control (9.4%) (P=0.01); neither differed from WWO1AL (17.6%) (Ps=0.13-0.28). At 12 months, there were no significant differences between groups in weight loss (Ps>0.52). WWO (25.5%) continued to have a higher proportion of participants achieving >= 5% weight loss than Control (12.9%) (P=0.04); neither differed from WWO1AL (14.3%) (Ps>0.10). There were no significant between-group differences in change in physical activity (Ps>0.17). Conclusions: WWO produced significantly more weight loss at 3 months relative to Control, but not at 12 months. Significantly more WWO than Control participants lost >= 5% at both 3 and 12 months. Participants receiving an activity tracking device did not achieve greater weight loss or physical activity increases than those in a Control condition.