Effects of low glycemic index cereals on metabolomics and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVE:

To study the effect of low glycemic index (GU) cereals on the metabolomics and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), to explore its prevention and treatment mechanism for gestational diabetes, and to provide a basis for formulating nutritional intervention measures.

METHODS:

Pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were According to the random number method, 31 cases were divided into low GI cereal treatment group and nutritional intervention for 12 weeks; 31 cases were case control group; another 30 healthy pregnant women were selected as normal control group. At 36 weeks of pregnancy, a method based on 1H-NMR was used Serum metabolomics testing was carried out, and pregnancy outcomes were calculated after delivery. The collected data were compared between groups and analyzed related influencing factors. As a result, the metabolomics study found 15 potential biomarkers related to GDM. After 12 weeks of nutritional intervention, , the difference between the low GI cereal treatment group and the case control group was statistically significant (P<0.05), and was close to the level of healthy pregnant women, and there was no statistically significant difference compared with the normal control group (P>0.05). The low GI cereal treatment group The cesarean section rate, weight gain during pregnancy, glycated hemoglobin value during delivery, HbA1C, and newborn birth weight were all significantly lower than those of the case control group (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis results showed that low GI cereal diet, HbA1C, and Blood glucose is the main factor affecting the metabolites of pregnant women with GDM (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Low GI cereal nutritional therapy can significantly improve the pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with GDM, possibly by regulating related biomarkers, and provides a basis for further exploring the causes and efficacy of GDM. The mechanism of action and personalized medical nutrition treatment strategies provide the basis.