Maternal distress and congenital malformations: do mothers of malformed fetuses have more problems?

As compared with 580 randomly chosen pregnant women without malformed offspring. 161 women with malformed offspring at the index pregnancy had a more frequent history of previous multiple offspring deaths and somewhat increased maternal age but were not different on social class, marital or cohabitation status or parity. As compared with demographically similar reproducing women (n = 54) interviewed, malformation cases (n = 98) reported having had significantly more strong stress before identification of the malformation, as well as a clear tendency toward less appropriate timing of the pregnancy. Women with malformed offspring represent a psychosocially vulnerable group and should receive special clinical and personal support.