Health Literacy Intervention to Improve Diabetes Outcomes Among Rural Primary Care Patients

The researchers will conduct a patient-randomized, pragmatic clinical trial among 6 rural PCMHs in Arkansas, targeting individuals with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. The primary aims are to: 1. test the effectiveness of the ACP diabetes health literacy intervention to improve a range of diabetes-related outcomes among rural patients; 2. compared to usual care, evaluate whether the intervention reduces disparities by patient literacy level. The secondary aims are to: 3. investigate whether a threshold or gradient effect exists between the amount of follow-up counseling (number of action plans) and intervention effectiveness; 4. determine the fidelity of all intervention components, and explore any identified patient, provider (physician, nurse, health coach), and/or health system barriers to implementation; and 5. assess the costs associated with implementing the intervention from a health system perspective.