Effects of strength exercise and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on muscle mass and function

INTERVENTION: Phase 1 (12 weeks): Strength exercise (2 days/week) and HMB (1200 mg/day). Washout (12 weeks). Phase 2 (12 weeks): Health education (1 day/2 week) and placebo (every day) Phase 1 (12 weeks): Strength exercise (2 days/week) and placebo (every day) Washout (12 weeks) Phase 2 (12 weeks): Health education (1 day/2 weeks) and HMB (1200 mg/day) Phase 1 (12 weeks): Health education (1 day/2 weeks) and HMB (1200 mg/day) Washout (12 weeks) Phase 2 (12 weeks): Strength exercise (2 days/week) and placebo (every day) Phase 1 (12 weeks): Health education(1 day/2 weeks) and placebo (every day) Washout (12 weeks) Phase 2 (12 weeks): Strength exercise (2 days/week) and HMB (1200 mg/day) CONDITION: Healthy older adults PRIMARY OUTCOME: Muscle mass SECONDARY OUTCOME: Muscle strength, muscle quality, skin quality, sarcopenia scale, blood samples, performance test, habitual physical activity, dietary intake, diary, and health‐related questionnaire INCLUSION CRITERIA: Participants who 1) were older women aged 65 years and more. 2) had reduced muscle mass (SMI<5.7). 3) provided informed consent for screening.