Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin as an Adjunct to Conventional Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-standing autoimmune inflammatory disease marked by continuous synovial inflammation, which contributes to progressive cartilage and bone damage, eventually resulting in joint destruction. Both inherited genetic factors and environmental exposures substantially contribute to the risk of developing the disease. Additionally, several lifestyle and biological factors including diet, cigarette smoking, hormonal influences, alcohol consumption, gut microbiota, infections, and coffee intake have been implicated in the development and progression of RA. Clinically, RA is frequently characterized by morning stiffness, pain involving the shoulder, neck, and pelvic girdle, impaired mobility, and systemic features including fever.