Fabrication and Characterization of Green, Sustainable, and Eco-Friendly Bioactive Therapeutic Complex-Loaded Pva Nanofibers with Controlled Drug Release for Effective Acne Management

The development of sustainable and biodegradable materials with controlled therapeutic release is vital for effective acne management via topical drug delivery. In this study, lemon extract served as a green solvent and crosslinking agent to fabricate polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers loaded with a therapeutic complex comprising aloe vera, eggshell membrane, green tea extract, and black cumin oil (PVA-L-Mixed). These eco-friendly, crosslinked nanofibers exhibited sustained release properties for targeted acne treatment. The structural, thermal, and functional characteristics of PVA-L-Mixed were analyzed using advanced microscopic, spectroscopic, and analytical techniques, confirming the successful incorporation of bioactive compounds. Sustained release of 10.95% was achieved for lemon extract and the therapeutic complex. Water resistance was validated through SEM analysis after four days of immersion, while a water absorption rate of 400% was observed. The hydrophilic nature of the bioactives contributed to a 13.41% decrease in water contact angle (69.08° ± 4.18). Enhanced thermal stability and biodegradability were also demonstrated. Furthermore, the nanofibers exhibited significant antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. These findings highlight the potential of PVA-L-Mixed as a sustainable and effective solution for acne management through noninvasive topical drug delivery. The green, modular design of these nanofibers underscores their applicability for broader dermatological treatments, aligning with the goals of eco-friendly and sustainable healthcare.