The acute effects of whey protein isolate on metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight and obese individuals

INTERVENTION: Randomised, single‐blind, cross‐over design study which invesigates the postprandial response to the acute ingestion of either a liquid preload of 50g of whey protein isolate, casein protein or glucose (control) mixed in 400 mls of water, over 3 visits, one day a week for 3 consecutive weeks. CONDITION: Metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight or obese individuals PRIMARY OUTCOME: Improved blood lipid and lipoprotein status as well as improved glucose and insulin sensitivity after the ingestion of the whey protein isolate Improved blood pressure after ingestion of the whey protein isolate.Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and resting heart rate were measured on the left arm of participants with an automated sphygmomanometer (Dinamap ProCare). Subjects rested in a supine position before and during measurements. Improved vascular endothelial function via Sphygmocor pulse wave analysis (PWA) after the ingestion of the whey protein isolate SECONDARY OUTCOME: Greater satiety after ingesting the whey protein isolate relative to control. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Post‐menopausal Non‐smoker Body mass Index (BMI) between 25‐35 kg/m2 Not taking regular medication Not taking supplements, vitamins or herbal remedies Weight stable Less than 1‐2 serves dairy per day No major diseases/illness