Assessment of Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Topical Ozonated Oil in the Management of Palatal Wound Healing After Free Gingival Graft Harvest

Many surgical techniques have been suggested to enhance the width of keratinized tissue either by free gingival grafts (FGGs) or by sub‐epithelial connective tissue grafts. FGG is easy to carry out and qualify the harvest of large quantities of connective tissues (CT). Contrariwise, it produces a site of secondary intention wound healing with discomfort and pain. Excessive post‐operative morbidity has been reported in the literature as a possible complication of harvesting a FGG; different procedures with primary‐intention healing have been proposed to overcome this problem. The use of a platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) membrane to coat the fresh wound may accelerate the process of healing by providing a more stable rigid fibrin mesh, which is better than a blood clot and supplying a sustained release of growth factors promoting rapid hemostasis at the FGG donor site. PRF is a platelet concentrate obtained by inexpensive and simple procedure that does not need biochemical blood handling, it promotes efficient neovascularization, hastened wound closure and rapid cicatricial tissue remodeling through its three‐dimensional fibrin meshwork. PRF owing its energizing effect on wound healing as it provides a superb scaffold for epithelialization and angiogenesis together with the presence of many growth factors such as platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Presently, most of researches in dental field using either ozone gas only, dissolved in water (ozonated water) or in plant oils such as olive oil (ozonated oil), focusing on its excellent antimicrobial efficacy, enhancement of wound healing in oral cavity without the possibility of drug resistance. Oral wound healing is a dynamic process and complex phenomenon involving series overlapping stages of restoring tissue and cellular structures. Cellular and biochemical events in wound healing can be divided into several phases: inflammation, granulation tissue formation, matrix formation, re‐epithelialization and tissue remodeling. Epithelial healing or re‐epithelialization is an important process that involves the interactions between keratinocytes and extracellular matrix upon which cells migrate, proliferate and differentiate, hence restoring tissue function and structure. The rate of re‐epithelization is considered as one of the criteria that reflect the influence of PRF and ozonated oil on healing of wound sites.