A clinical trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of video-laryngoscopes for education of tracheal intubation

INTERVENTION: Prior to the study, all residents receive the same pre‐clinical training course including manikin practice. The participants are asked to intubate the patients using an Airtraq, PENTAX‐AWS, or Macintosh laryngoscope in the operating room. Each participant intubates 5 patients with each device in random order under close supervision of attending anesthesiologists. An intubation procedure not completed after two 60‐second attempts is defined as failure. CONDITION: Patients undergoing elective surgery with general anesthesia PRIMARY OUTCOME: We assesse success rate, intubation time, and number of attempts of each device.; At the end of the study period, each resident score the difficulty of the intubation attempts for each device. SECONDARY OUTCOME: We assesse complications from the use of each device. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients who are elder over 18 yr have to undergo elective surgery under general anesthesia requiring tracheal intubation, and have to be classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I‐III.