Prospective randomized clinical study of vertical bone augmentation in maxillary sinus grafts performed with pure phase Beta-tricalcium phosphate

The aim of this study was to evaluate the vertical bone increase in maxillary sinuses filled with β-TCP in two granulations of different dimensions and to compare their biological behavior to that of autogenous bone. Three groups of 06 maxillary sinuses were evaluated: (G1) corresponding to autogenous bone, (G2) β-TCP with particles from 0.5 mm to 0.7 mm and (G3) β-TCP with 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm were evaluated through histomorphometric and immunohistochemistry analysis 6 months after sinus filling. Bone neoformation in G1, G2 and G3 was respectively 78.442 µm2, 71.283 µm2 and 64.508 µm2, with no statistically significant difference (p=0.314). The largest area of connective tissue was observed in G3, with 124.265 µm2, followed by G2, 112.993 µm2 and G1, 112.652 µm2, with no statistical difference in the comparison of groups (p=0.366). The remaining biomaterial area was observed in G2 with 9.268 µm2, followed by G3, 6.021 µm2, and G1, 1.195 µm2, with no statistical difference between groups (p=0.120). The immunostaining for RUNX2 was mild in G1 and G2 and moderate to intense in G3, while for VEGF it was moderate in G1 and G2 and slightly more intense in G3. It is concluded that β-TCP in the different granulations proved to be osteoconductive and can be used with criteria, in small defects, to replace the autogenous bone.