Assessing the effects of subperiosteal tunnels in rhinoplasty on post operative bruising and swelling

INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomly assigned to undergo subperiosteal tunneling on one side of the nose during rhinoplasty. The other side of the nose underwent rhinoplasty without the creation of tunnels. The randomisation process was done using Siri®, the voice activated virtual assistant on an Apple iPhone®, at the time of surgery. Siri® was asked to randomly select a number. If an even number was generated, the patient would undergo creation of subperiosteal tunnels prior to osteotomy in rhinoplasty on the right side. Patients were blinded to the side of the subperiosteal tunnels. Post operatively, 3 blinded evaluators were asked to grade the degree of ecchymosis and edema on each side of the face. CONDITION: Post‐operative ecchymosis and edema in rhinoplasty ; Surgery ; Post‐operative ecchymosis and edema in rhinoplasty PRIMARY OUTCOME: The following are graded on a 0‐10 visual analogue scale (VAS) 2 and 7 days after surgery:; 1. Ecchymosis; 2. Edema INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Age 17 years or older 2. Aesthetic rhinoplasty requiring bilateral osteotomies