The impact of oral motor intervention on the asymmetric development of brain functional networks in premature infants: A randomized controlled study based on resting-state fNIRS

INTERVENTION: intervention group (conventional care + oral motor intervention):Based on routine care in the NICU, the PIOMI oral motor intervention program was implemented once daily for 12 minutes each time, with continuous intervention for 14 days. The intervention was uniformly scheduled to be carried out 30 to 45 minutes before feeding, and the operation was completed by specially trained and qualified nurses who had passed the examination. Standardized intervention process: 1. Peri‐oral soft tissue massage: 2 minutes; 2. Comprehensive gum stimulation and massage: 2 minutes; 3. Tongue temperature mild stimulation and activity training: 2 minutes; 4. Non‐nutritive sucking training (medical pacifier): 6 minutes.;Control group (conventional NICU care):Implement standardized routine care for neonatology, including body position management, warmth care, infection prevention and control, and tube feeding/oral feeding as needed; routinely provide pacifiers for basic non‐nutritive sucking, without performing systematic perioral massage, gingival stimulation, or tongue intervention. The remaining medical, nursing, and feeding regimens are consistent with those of the intervention group.; CONDITION: Brain injury in premature newborns PRIMARY OUTCOME: deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) concentrations (Bilateral frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe); SECONDARY OUTCOME: Oxyhemoglobin (HbO);Feeding outcomes (transition days for full oral feeding, feeding efficiency);Development indicators (daily weight gain rate, head circumference growth rate);Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment; INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Gestational age at birth: 28‐34 weeks; 2. Birth weight <= 1800g; 3. Enrolled within 48 hours after birth, with stable vital signs and circulatory and respiratory functions; 4. The guardians provided informed consent, voluntarily participated in this study, and cooperated with follow‐up visits and data collection.