The Effect of Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation on Peripheral Biomechanical Aspects of Deglutition

HRMI combines the evaluation of bolus flow patterns (impedance) and pressure (manometry)generated during swallowing.20 healthy volunteers will participate, of which 10 will receive PES stimulation and 10will receive Sham treatment.Maximally 24 patients with dysphagia after acute stroke will be included. Group 1 willreceive PES stimulation twice, group 2 will receive PES stimulation and afterwards Shamand group 3 will receive Sham twice.Maximally 40 patients with Critical Illness Polyneuropathy/Myopathy or Post‐ExtubationDysphagia will participate, of which 20 will receive PES stimulation and 20 will receiveSham treatment.