Integrated Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Singapore Malay Muslims

Singapore\'s Institute of Mental Health (IMH) identified the need for culture-based research and clinical intervention catering to the minority populations in Singapore to foster treatment sustainability and recovery. Singapore\'s Malay population, account for 13.5% of the population. Malays tend to delay or drop-out of psychological treatments that do not address the cultural concerns which they associate to mental illness, i.e., a spiritual disorder caused by character flaws, evil spirits, or religious negligence. The study examines the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy - Integrated with Psychology of Soul (MBCT-IPS) with Singaporean Malay Muslims with psychological distress. The secondary aims are to explore their experiences and perceptions on the intervention acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. It may provide mental health practitioners with a treatment option that may be integrated with standard therapies. Methods: This mixed-method, three-group randomised controlled trial recruited 80Malay Muslims with psychological distress at a psychiatric rehabilitation organisation. Participants will be randomly allocated to an MBCT-IPS experimental group, an MBCT group, or individual counselling-as-usual. MBCT-IPS is a 2+8-week group intervention that integrates the Psychology of Soul (IPS) with the standard Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). General Linear Model (GLM) with an intention-to-treat analysis and per-protocol approach will analyse the study. Participants\' and treatment providers\' qualitative experiences will be thematically analysed for the acceptability of treatment after the study. Expected results: Overall improvements in outcome measures are expected with significant differences between groups. Qualitative experiences are hoped to be enriching and therapeutic for both participants and treatment providers, with treatment being appropriate, acceptable, and feasible.