Phase I/II study of endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy for biliary drainage treatment (using metallic stent)of patients with malignant biliary obstruction

INTERVENTION: EUS‐guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS‐CDS) was approached from the first portion of the duodenum using a convex echoendoscope and a needle knife. Second steps of the procedure are passage dilatation and the metallic stent placement. All procedures were performed through the accessory channel of the echoendoscope over the guide wire. CONDITION: Malignant biliary obstruction PRIMARY OUTCOME: Grade and incidence of adverse events ; Rate of successful completion of procedure SECONDARY OUTCOME: patency period of stent INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Biliary obstruction induced by malignant tumor 2. Non‐resectable tumor 3. Major organ preserved 4. Performance status (ECOG) is 0‐3