Post kidney transplant histoplasmosis: An under-recognized diagnosis in India.

Histoplasmosis is an invasive mycosis caused by fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Clinical features of histoplasmosis are often nonspecific, but patients with disseminated infection may present with severe manifestations posing an increasing threat to patients with various immunocompromised conditions. It is often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis in endemic regions leading to high mortality. There is under-reporting of histoplasmosis in solid organ transplant from India undermining its actual incidence and impact. As a result of the potentially fatal nature of the disease, careful evaluation with tissue diagnosis is recommended. We present a series of five cases of disseminated histoplasmosis in renal transplant recipients from our centre, highlighting its significance as differential diagnosis in this population. To our knowledge, this is the largest case series reported from India in renal transplant patients.