A descriptive study of stress management in a group of pediatric oncology nurses.

Pediatric oncology nursing is associated with highly stressful and emotional situations. This article describes and discusses major sources of occupational stress among a group of nurses participating in a stress management group. The stress sources for these nurses were preoccupation with death and dying, the professional image of the oncology nurse, the nurse as fighter in the war against disease and death, the nurses' perceived isolation from the medical staff, the nurses' perceived inferior professional status compared with that of physicians, emotional overinvolvement with patients and families, suppression of anger, and difficulties in balancing work and home demands. The following factors are suggested as major contributors to the nurses' stress and burnout: increased tendency for irrational-dysfunctional thinking styles (mainly "demandingness" and "awfulizing"), diffuse boundaries between nurses and patients, low professional self-efficacy, and wide prevalence of military metaphors.