Effect of Low-Dose Caffeine on Performance in Elite Sitting Volleyball Players

Background: Sitting volleyball is a sport that relies primarily on upper body strength and anaerobic capacity. In critical in-game skills such as serve and spike, factors such as speed-endurance time and impact power play a decisive role in performance. There are limited studies in the literature examining the effects of low-dose caffeine consumption on these skills. The effects of ergogenic supplements in Paralympic sports have not been sufficiently investigated, and the potential benefits of caffeine on serve and spike performance in sitting volleyball players remain unclear. Purpose: The main purpose of this research was to determine the effects of low-dose caffeine (3 mg/kg) consumption on the serve speed, spike speed and Speed-Endurance performances of elite-level sitting volleyball players. Method: The study was designed using a randomized, double-blind, balanced, and crossover experimental design. 13 elite male athletes from the 2024 Paravolley European Champion Sitting Volleyball Men\'s National Team participated in the study. Participants were evaluated for serve speed, spike speed, and speed-endurance performances in both 3 mg/kg caffeine (CAF) and placebo (PLA) conditions.