Comparison of Ciprofol, Remimazolam and Propofol in Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery

This is a single-center, prospective, parallel randomized controlled trial. A total of 180 patients aged 18-75 years undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery with ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ will be enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to ciprofol group, remimazolam group or propofol group. All patients receive standardized background anesthesia regimen including dexmedetomidine, sufentanil, rocuronium and remifentanil. The primary outcome is the QoR-15 score at postoperative day 1. Secondary outcomes include intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, anesthesia recovery indicators, postoperative VAS pain scores, opioid consumption and perioperative adverse events. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (approval number: 2023-KY-0137-002). Written informed consent will be obtained from each participant before enrollment.