Biomarkers, Abdominal Muscle, and Frailty in CKD

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), inflammation and oxidative stress are important processes that may be associated with the development of muscle loss and frailty. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between serum MCP-1, total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS)-markers of inflammation and oxidative stress-and abdominal muscle thickness and frailty, as assessed by ultrasound, in stage 3-5 CKD patients not receiving dialysis. In addition, the study aims to assess participants\' physical performance, kinesiophobia, and quality of life and to examine these characteristics according to CKD stages.