Single-dose prophylaxis antibiotic in laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy

INTERVENTION: The patients were randomly divided into two groups. The single dose group were given 1 g cefoperazone as prophylactic antibiotics intravenously 30 minutes before surgery and after that water for injection was injected as a placebo twice daily for 3 days. The 3 days group were also given cefoperazone before surgery and continued twice daily for three days. When the duration of surgery exceeded 3 hours, we administered another extra 1 g of cefoperazone, considered as prophylactic. The incidence of post‐operative infection and contributing factors were compared between the two groups. Physical examination was carried out daily during hospitalization, and on the 10th day after surgery at the scheduled follow‐up consultation. CONDITION: Kidney transplantation ; Surgery PRIMARY OUTCOME: Local infection at the 1st and 10th days after surgery. Local signs of infection include one of the following criteria: purulent discharge from the wound, tenderness/swelling/erythema, positive culture from a specimen taken from the wound with proper technique. SECONDARY OUTCOME: Systemic infection at the 1st and 10th days after surgery. The systemic signs of infection must meet both criteria: tachycardia (>100 beats/minutes) with temperature > 3oC and leukocytosis (>10.000 /mL). INCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients undergoing laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy