Effect of breakfast on children's cogntion and satiety.

INTERVENTION: Three beverages that differ in gylcaemic load (GL) and dairy composition. Beverage 1 (High GL/No dairy)‐ Glucose 65g, water, flavouring Beverage 2 (Medium GL, medium dairy) ‐ Whole milk 200ml, water, sweetener, flavouring Beverage 3 (Low GL/High dairy) ‐ Whole milk 400ml, non‐nutritive sweetener, flavouring. The participants will consume each of the three beverages over 3 consecutive days ‐ i.e. Beverage 1 on day 1, Beverage 2 on day 2 and Beverage 3 on day 3 (randomised). Frequency of intake is once per day (consumed at 0900), for 3 days. CONDITION: Glycaemic response. PRIMARY OUTCOME: Choice Reaction Time ‐ computerised task ; Danthiir (2005, unpublished thesis). One of two known stimuli (e.g. the numbers 1 or 2) are presented in a known location (e.g. middle of computer screen). The participant is required to respond by pressing a specific key for each stimulus. The dependent variable is the time taken (msec) to respond after presentation. Simple Reaction Time ‐ computerised task Danthiir (2005, unpublished thesis). A known stimulus (e.g. the number 1) is presented in a known location (e.g. middle of computer screen), at variable time intervals. The participant responds by pressing a specific key (e.g. the space bar). The dependent variable is the time take (msec) to respond after presentation. Speed of Processing ‐ Inspection Time (Burns & Nettelbeck, 2003) SECONDARY OUTCOME: Blood Glucose. Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS). (Medtronic, 2005). Satiety. Computer‐based visual‐analogue scale. Short Term Memory. Computerised version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). (Rey, 1964). Speed of Processing ‐ Digit Symbol Coding (WISC‐IV). ; (Wechsler, 2003). Working Memory ‐ Digit Span Backwards. Computerised version of WISC‐IV subtest. ; (Weschler, 2003). INCLUSION CRITERIA: Children aged 10‐12 years. Willing to attend on four mornings in one week of the school holidays. Willing to attend fasted (from midnight of previous day). Willing to undertake Continous Glucose Monitoring. Informed child and parental consent. Parent judgement about child's ability to complete congitive testing requirements (e.g. ability to comprehend and sustain attention).