The impact of Yoga on patients with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Objective The objective of this review is to conduct a comprehensive and systematic assessment of the efficacy of Yoga as an intervention for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and PEDro as of January 3, 2024. Retrieved a total of 200 articles. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results The study included a total of 8 trials and involved 756 KOA patients. The results indicated that compared to the control group, Yoga exercise showed significant improvements in alleviating pain (SMD = -0.92; 95% CI = -1.64 similar to - 0.20; P = 0.01, I-2 = 94%), stiffness (SMD = -0.51; 95% CI = -0.91 similar to -0.12; P = 0.01; I-2 = 66%) and physical function (SMD = -0.53; 95% CI = -0.89 similar to -0.17; P = 0.004; I-2 = 59%) among KOA patients. However, there was no significant improvement observed in terms of activities of activity of daily living (ADL) (SMD = 1.03; 95% CI = -0.01 similar to 2.07; P = 0.05; I-2 = 84%), and quality of life (QOL) (SMD = 0.21; 95% CI = -0.33 similar to 0.74; P = 0.44; I-2 = 83%) with the practice of Yoga. Conclusions In general, Yoga has been found to be effective in reducing pain and stiffness in KOA patients, it can also improve the physical function of patients. However, there is limited evidence to suggest significant improvements in terms of ADL and QOL.