Shoulder Injury Prevention in Adolescent Handball Players Based on Scandinavian Protocols

This cluster-randomised controlled trial will evaluate the effects of two internationally recognised shoulder injury prevention programmes - the Swedish Shoulder Control programme and the Norwegian Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Shoulder Injury Prevention programme - on shoulder function, scapular control, and injury incidence in Hungarian adolescent handball players (U16-U20). Six elite-level teams (3 male, 3 female) from a single handball academy will be randomised by cluster into two intervention arms for an 18-week intervention period. Primary outcomes are changes in objective shoulder function tests; secondary outcomes include self-reported function and weekly injury monitoring.