Predicting the Need for Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Using Different Risk Scores

This prospective, single-center observational study aims to evaluate the predictive performance of the ROX index, modified ROX index, and HACOR score for the need for invasive mechanical ventilation in adult intensive care unit patients with acute respiratory failure. Patients receiving high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO), noninvasive ventilation (NIV), or sequential HFNO and NIV will be included. Patients will be followed for 24 hours, and clinical and laboratory parameters will be recorded at baseline and at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours. The predictive performance of these indices and their changes over time will be evaluated according to respiratory support modality and type of respiratory failure. No additional diagnostic or therapeutic interventions will be performed as part of the study. All treatment decisions will be made by the attending clinicians according to routine clinical practice.