[Compliance and tolerance of new antitubercular short-term chemopreventive regimens in childhood--a pilot project].

Efficacy of preventive chemotherapy in tuberculosis-infected children depends to a great extend on medical compliance and drug tolerability. Two new short-course chemoprevention-regimes of tuberculosis--four months Rifampin (A) and two months Rifampin plus Pyrazinamide (B)--were compared with the well established regimen of six months Isoniacid (C). 150 children (mean age 3.6 years with Tb conversion) were randomly allocated to these three regimens. 13 patients were non-compliant, in terms of interview, urinary INH-test strips, urine colour and prescription frequency: 7 in group C and 3 in group A and B, respectively. Adverse effects were observed in 5 patients: 3 in group C and 1 in group A and B. 1 child (group B) developed tuberculosis two years after stopping short course chemoprevention. Good compliance (94%) as well as neglectable risks of adverse effects (2%) justify further controlled studies to evaluate the efficacy of short course chemoprevention in childhood.