Isometric Resistance Training and Dose-dependent Effects in Pre- and Hypertensive Adults

High blood pressure is prevalent in a third of the global population and is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death. one lifestyle change that is recommended to reduce blood pressure is to exercise, typically by performing aerobic exercise, but this is often not well adhered to, given the physical and time demands associated with it. Isometric resistance training has been evidenced as an efficacious method to reduce blood pressure, even when performing four two-minute contractions per day, three days per week at 30% of maximum effort. At present, the dose-response effects have not been examined, which are required to identify the minimal effective dose, which could further reduce the temporal demands of this modality to potentially enhance adhernece even more in time-anxious individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of once- twice-, and thrice-weekly isometric resistance training programmes to lower blood pressure,