Effects of machine-based vs surgeon-based marking in astigmatism-correcting lens implantation during cataract surgery

INTERVENTION: Participants will be randomised to either SMI group or manual group in a 1:1 allocation using individual‐level blocked randomisation stratified by sex (male, female) and age. The randomisation sequence will be computer‐generated by the trial statistician and programmed by the data manager. The SMI group will undergo toric intraocular lens implantation using SMI (SensorMotoric Instruments) marking, whereas the manual group will undergo toric intraocular lens implantation using manual marking (done by a surgeon). Before and after lens implantation, participants were tested for uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity and corneal topography. CONDITION: Cataracts with corneal astigmatism ; Eye Diseases ; Cataracts with corneal astigmatism PRIMARY OUTCOME: Toric intraocular axis, measured using a refractometer 1 day, 1 month and 2 months post‐operation SECONDARY OUTCOME: The following are measured by a physician using the logMAR method 1 day, 1 month and 2 months post‐operation:; 1. Uncorrected visual acuity; 2. Best corrected visual acuity INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Cataracts 2. Corneal astigmatism > 1.5 diopters 3. Aged over 20