Comparison of topical anesthetics to relieve venipuncture pain: a randomized controlled trial

INTERVENTION: 1. lidocaine‐prilocaine cream (Right Arm) 2. high‐dose lidocaine cream (Left Arm) 1. high‐dose lidocaine cream (Left Arm) 2. lidocaine‐prilocaine cream (Right Arm) 1. high‐dose lidocaine cream (Right Arm) 2. lidocaine‐prilocaine cream (Left Arm) 1. lidocaine‐prilocaine cream (Left Arm) 2. high‐dose lidocaine cream (Right Arm) CONDITION: Healthy adults Healthy children PRIMARY OUTCOME: Score of visual analog scale SECONDARY OUTCOME: 1. Duration time for blood sampling; 2. Site of blood sampling; 3. Persons who take blood samples; 4. Dose of blood samples; 5. Times of venipuncture; 6. Side effects INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1) Staff of National Center for Child Health and Development 2) Volunteers who are provided informed, written consent for participation in Japanese