Two-Year Weight Loss With GLP-1 Medications Compared With Sleeve Gastrectomy in Adults With Obesity

This observational study will compare weight loss over two years in adults receiving GLP-1 receptor agonist medications with weight loss in adults who previously underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, an operation that reduces the size of the stomach. Adults starting GLP-1 medications as part of their usual care will be followed for 24 months. Their results will be compared with existing medical records of adults who underwent sleeve gastrectomy at the same center. Treatment decisions will be made by patients and their treating clinicians as part of routine care, rather than assigned by the study. The main outcome is the percentage of starting body weight lost at 24 months. The study will also assess weight changes at earlier visits, medication side effects, treatment continuation and reasons for stopping treatment, and changes in weight-related health conditions. The groups will be matched using baseline characteristics to make the comparison more balanced.