Effects of ChatGPT-5–Made Exercise Intervention and General Physical Therapy Intervention on Ankle Function in Adults With Chronic Ankle Instability

INTERVENTION: Behavioral : The interventions in this study consisted of two approaches: a ChatGPT/GPT‐5–based exercise intervention and an evidence‐based physical therapy intervention. The ChatGPT/GPT‐5–based exercise intervention involved generating a 30‐minute self‐administered exercise program using the average values of participants’ age, height, weight, body mass inde X(BMI), and basal metabolic rate as input variables. The generated exercise program was reviewed by the researcher, who holds professional qualifications, to assess exercise safety and potential risks prior to implementation. Participants assigned to the ChatGPT/GPT‐5–based exercise intervention group performed the exercises independently, and the researcher did not directly intervene during exercise performance. The evidence‐based physical therapy intervention was developed in accordance with the 2021 clinical practice guidelines for chronic ankle instability published by the American Physical Therapy Association. This intervention comprised manual contact therapy, proprioceptive training, and neuromuscular strengthening exercises. All interventions were conducted under the supervision of a licensed physical therapist, and the total intervention duration was approximately 30 minutes, including rest periods. Manual contact therapy consisted of plantar fascia massage applied to the affected foot while the participant was seated, performed for a total of 5 minutes. Proprioceptive training was conducted using a BOSU ball, with participants standing on the affected limb and performing ankle rotation movements for 40 seconds per set, repeated for five sets. Neuromuscular strengthening exercises included single‐leg balance and multidirectional hopping tasks performed on a stable surface, with each exercise conducted for CONDITION: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes PRIMARY OUTCOME: Foot and Ankle Ability Measure SECONDARY OUTCOME: Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool Side‐Hop Test Y‐Balance Test INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Individuals with a Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) score of less than 24 2. Individuals who responded “yes” to five or more items on the Ankle Instability Instrument (AII) 3. Individuals with an Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI) score of 12 or higher