Effect of health coaching on the willingness and success rate of quitting smoking in diabetics

INTERVENTION: Participants are recruited from Cathay General Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Two physicians who specialize in endocrine and metabolic disorders screen potential patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who smoke and recruit them when they return to the hospital. Before recruiting, the doctor will first randomly assign the patient to the intervention group or the control group, and then recruit them to avoid the Hawthorne effect. The coaching is provided by a single coach who had over 120 hours of certified coach training, received the International Coach Federation’s (ICF) Associated Certified Coach (ACC) credential and master’s level degrees in public health. Patients in the intervention group have an initial face‐to‐face session, together with baseline measurement, then are offered telephone coaching sessions monthly for 6 months. In the first session, the coach asks each participant to set his or her 6‐month HbA1c goal and first behavior change goal. The behavior goal must be one of behaviors related to diabetes self‐management, including physical activity, healthy diet, medical adherence, and/or regular self‐blood glucose monitoring (SMBG). If a patient has more than one behavior change goal, the coach asks him or her to prioritize the goals. The goal must design followed the “SMARTâ€? rule (i.e., specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely). The coach records the goals setting by the patient and the content of the coaching for follow‐up and analysis. The only difference from the previous study is that the coaching frequency of this study is changed to once per month. Each patient in the control group only receives a face‐to‐face coaching session and baseline measurement at baseline, and they do not have any c CONDITION: Diabetics who smoke ; Not Applicable PRIMARY OUTCOME: ; Measured at baseline, 3‐month and 6‐month follow‐up:; 1. Smoking cessation rate measured with general definition of smoking cessation formula, including nicotine dependence scale, daily smoking count and CO test, at 6 months; 2. Number of cigarettes per day measured by one self‐rating question; SECONDARY OUTCOME: ; Measured at baseline, 3‐month and 6‐month follow‐up:; 1. HbA1c collected from patients medical records; 2. BMI collected from patients medical records; 3. Diabetes management self‐efficacy measured by a single question; 4. Smoking cessation self‐efficacy measured by a single question; 5. Physical activity behavior measured with Godin leisure time physical activity scale; 6. Diet measured by Food Frequency Questionnaire; INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. 20 to 75 years old 2. Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least 1 year 3. Having smoke habit in the past 6 months 4. Not taking other smoking cessation courses at the same time