Fatores relacionados à ocorrência de valgismo dinâmico de joelho durante a descida de degrau: uma revisão da literatura.

INTRODUCTION: The ability to ascend and descend stairs requires higher demands on the individuals. Dynamic valgus of the knee of the support lower limb commonly occurs during stair descent. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature regarding the factors associated with the occurrence of dynamic knee valgus during stair descent. METHODS: An electronic search was performed by using optimal strategies, followed by a manual search. The studies were independently reviewed by two authors regarding their eligibility and data extraction. RESULTS: The search returned 743 studies and 740 were excluded after reading the title, abstracts, and full texts. The manual search returned two studies and both were included, totaling five included studies. The factors associated with dynamic knee valgus were muscular strength of the hip, pelvis, and trunk; activation of the hip muscles, limitation of the dorsiflexion, and range of hip medial rotation. Factors which could modify the kinematics of the hip and the ankle-foot joints were associated with dynamic knee valgus during stair descent. Thus, health professionals should be aware of the interdependence between the joints, since the dynamic knee valgus was associated with changes in other body parts. CONCLUSIONS: Biomechanical changes, which are found not only in the knee joint, were associated with the occurrence of dynamic knee valgus during stair descent. It is possible to suggest that within clinical contexts, the biomechanical evaluation of the stair descent should focus on the knee joint and on other joints of the trunk and lower limb.