Evaluation of the pain level of patients submitted to endodontic treatment with varying techniques, in order to identify the one that causes less pain

INTERVENTION: In this double‐blind randomized clinical trial, participants were divided into 7 groups: SH2.5 (2.5% sodium hypochlorite) (n = 30), CHX2.0 (chlorhexidine 2.0%) (n = 30 ), CHX2,0EF (chorhexidine 2.0% with foraminal enlargement) (SH = 0.5), SH2,5EF (sodium hypochlorite 2.5% with foraminal enlargement) (SH) and SH2,5XPF (sodium hypochlorite 2 (5% agitated with XP‐endo Finisher) (n = 20), SH2,5XPF‐EF (2.5% sodium hypochlorite agitated with XP‐endo Finisher and with foraminal enlargement) (n = 15) and SH2,5PC sodium hypochlorite 2.5% after orofacial cancer) (n = 15). The teeth were instrumented with the Wave One Gold Mediun file, filled with AH Plus cement and the closed cavity with cotosol. Randomisation was done to eliminate bias and to equalize the distribution of patients in the groups using the Excel computer program with a random list of numbers from 1 to 7. In case the same patient had more than one element to be treated, the tooth located in the upper right hemi‐arch was the first, followed by hemi‐upper left arch, lower right and lower left, respecting the minimum limit of 10 days and absence of pain between the treatment of one tooth and another. Only the operator who performed the treatment knew which technique was being used. Endodontic treatments were performed by a single operator specialized in endodontics. After the clinical examination, the cold test (Endo‐frost; Coltene‐Whaledent, Langenau, Germany) was used to determine the vitality of the pulp followed by the presence or absence of bleeding of the root canals during the preparation of endodontic access. If there was no painful response after 5 seconds of applying a cotton ball and not bleeding, the teeth were classified as necrotic. The treatment was performed in all patients in a single visit. CONDITION: Caries with pulp exposure ; Oral Health ; Caries with pulp exposure PRIMARY OUTCOME: Pain measured by a visual analogue scale, 6, 12, 24, 72 hours and 7 days after completion of treatment SECONDARY OUTCOME: Use of antidepressants and previous treatment of radiotherapy head and neck from patient records. INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Older than 18 years 2. Need endodontic treatment 3. Negative response to vitality tests 4. The included teeth were monoradicadic and biradicculated, superior and inferior, with or without image suggestive of periapical lesion