A Study on the Effects of Music Interventions with Different Timbres on Anxiety and Pain during Dysmenorrhea

INTERVENTION: Piano Group:Using headphones or speakers, a continuous music playlist of the assigned timbre was presented for a duration of 25–30 minutes. Participants were required to maintain a relaxed state with eyes closed and attend to the auditory stimuli.;Violin Group:Using headphones or speakers, a continuous music playlist of the assigned timbre was presented for a duration of 25–30 minutes. Participants were required to maintain a relaxed state with eyes closed and attend to the auditory stimuli.;Cello Group:Using headphones or speakers, a continuous music playlist of the assigned timbre was presented for a duration of 25–30 minutes. Participants were required to maintain a relaxed state with eyes closed and attend to the auditory stimuli.;No‐Music Group:Under strictly controlled environmental conditions, participants engaged in a 25–30 minute session of quiet rest without auditory stimulation. To account for potential placebo effects, participants either wore muted headphones or remained in a naturally silent environment.; CONDITION: Primary Dysmenorrhea PRIMARY OUTCOME: Subjective Pain;Anxiety State; SECONDARY OUTCOME: Systolic Blood Pressure;Diastolic Blood Pressure;Heart Rate; INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Female university students aged 18 to 25 years; 2. Diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea (participants with organic pelvic pathologies, such as endometriosis, were excluded); 3. Regular menstrual cycles, defined as 28 +‐ 7 days; 4. Normal hearing acuity; 5. No formal musical training background.