Deep Breathing Exercise for Pain and Hemodynamic Stability in Patients After Peripheral Percutaneous Angioplasty

This randomized controlled trial evaluates the effectiveness of diaphragmatic deep breathing exercises on pain and hemodynamic parameters in patients after peripheral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group, which performed the breathing exercises, or a control group, which received standard post-PTA care. Pain levels and hemodynamic parameters, including heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation, were measured before and after the intervention. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were also collected to explore potential associations with patient responses. The purpose of this study is to determine whether diaphragmatic deep breathing can reduce post-PTA pain and support hemodynamic stability, thereby improving patient comfort and recovery outcomes.