Effect of timing of cord clamping on postnatal packed red blood cells value and clinical outcome in term newborns: a randomised controlled trial

INTERVENTION: 1. Early cord clamping within the first 15 seconds of life 2. Cord clamping at first minute of life 3. Cord clamping at third minute of life CONDITION: Timing of cord clamping on newborns at term ; Pregnancy and Childbirth ; Timing of cord clamping PRIMARY OUTCOME: Venous haematocrit six hours after birth. SECONDARY OUTCOME: 1. Neonatal haematocrit at 24 ‐ 48 hours of age; 2. Plasma bilirubin level at 24 ‐ 48 hours of age; 3. Early neonatal morbidity (tachypnea, respiratory grunting, respiratory distress, jaundice, seizures, sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis, neonatal death); 4. Admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; 5. Length of newborn hospital stay; 6. Any neonatal disease that occurs between birth and one month of age; 7. Weight and type of feeding at one month of age; 8. Postpartum maternal blood loss volume ; 9. Maternal haematocrit level at 24 hours postpartum INCLUSION CRITERIA: Women were eligible if they had uneventful cephalic vaginal or cesarean section delivery with the following characteristics: 1. Singleton pregnancy at term 2. No evidence of clinical disease (diabetes, preeclampsia, hypertension) or any other complications 3. No evidence of congenital malformations or intrauterine growth restriction (estimated foetal weight less than 10th percentile)