Analysis of the Efficacy of taVNS Combined with rTMS in Adult Depression and Its Impact on Multimodal Physiological Signals

INTERVENTION: sham rTMS+ sham taVNS:Sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (sham rTMS) and Sham transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (sham taVNS);sham rTMS+active taVNS:Sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (sham rTMS) and transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS);active rTMS+sham taVNS:Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS) and Sham transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (sham taVNS);active rTMS+ active taVNS:Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS) and Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS); CONDITION: Depressive Disorder PRIMARY OUTCOME: Montgomery‐?sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS); SECONDARY OUTCOME: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, 24‐item (HAMD‐24);Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS);ECG data; INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1.Adult patients with depressive disorder aged 18‐30 years. 2.Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score = 12. 3.Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, 24‐item (HAMD‐24) score = 8. 4.No history of other psychiatric disorders (e.g., epilepsy, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, post‐traumatic stress disorder, social phobia). 5.No history of dependence on psychotropic medications. 6.No history of organic brain diseases. 7.Absence of severe physical illnesses and no comorbid other psychiatric disorders. 8.No history of acute or chronic infections, trauma, inflammation, fever, or allergies within the past two weeks. 9.No history of alcohol or substance abuse. 10.Right‐handed. 11.No prior treatment with rTMS or taVNS. 12.No severe hearing impairment or history of skin allergies (to avoid obstacles during intervention). 13.Voluntary provision of signed informed consent.