Ciprofol, Propofol and Sevoflurane for Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Brain Tumor Patients

This study will compare three anesthesia medicines used to put people into a deep sleepduring surgery: ciprofol, propofol, and sevoflurane. All three are commonly used forgeneral anesthesia, but they work in different ways. Ciprofol and propofol are giventhrough a vein. Sevoflurane is breathed in as a gas. After brain tumor surgery, someolder adults may develop sudden confusion and memory problems called delirium.Researchers want to learn which of these three medicines is best at preventing deliriumand protecting brain function in older adults undergoing brain tumor surgery.About 381 participants aged 65 to 90 will take part. Participants will be randomlyassigned to one of three groups. One group will receive ciprofol. Another group willreceive propofol. The third group will receive sevoflurane. All participants will receivestandard care during and after brain tumor removal.The main goal is to compare how many participants develop delirium within 7 days aftersurgery. Researchers will also look at how long delirium lasts, how severe it is,thinking and memory skills at 7, 30, 90, and 180 days after surgery, quality of recovery,blood pressure and heart rate during surgery, and treatment safety.Blood tests will be used to measure markers of body stress, inflammation, and nerve cellinjury before surgery, 3 hours after surgery, and 1 day after surgery. Researchers willalso test thinking and memory with simple questions twice a day for 7 days after surgery.Later follow‐up will be done by phone at 30, 90, and 180 days after surgery.This study is designed to explore which anesthesia medicine is safest and best atprotecting the brain after surgery in older adults with brain tumors. The results mayhelp doctors choose the best anesthesia for this group of patients in the future.