The relationship between insomnia, negative affect, and paranoia

INTERVENTION: Participants are randomised into three groups: the intervention group; a group who completed only a daily sleep diary (active control); and a wait‐list control group who received nothing. All participants in each group were in the trial for a total of 24 weeks (6 week intervention delivery period followed by follow‐up points at 4‐weeks and 18‐weeks post intervention) The intervention group received the full, 6‐week CBT intervention designed to target factors that contribute to the formation and maintenance of insomnia, adapted from that developed by Lancee, van den Bout, van Straten and Spoormaker (2012). The intervention was self‐administered via a website (i.e., did not involve any contact with the researchers) and provided psychoeducational materials detailing good sleep hygiene practices and information about sleep, as well as exercises based on the principles of CBT that aimed to challenge common misconceptions and maladaptive thought processes about sleep. Participants in this group also completed a daily sleep diary documenting how they slept the previous night. The diary asked them to record the times that they went to bed and got up each day, the number of times that they woke each night, how they felt in the morning (ranging from 1 – ‘very tired’ to 5 – ‘very refreshed’) and caffeine consumption. Participants who completed the daily sleep diary were able to access their responses on the intervention website in a section called ‘Sleep Stats’. Here their responses were collated and visualised (e.g., using graphs, tables, charts etc.) so that participants could track their progress throughout the trial. The sleep diary group completed only the sleep diary aspect of the intervention described above. They did not have access to sleep hygiene information or the CBT content. The wait‐list control group received no intervention whatsoever (however they were offered access to the full intervention after the final follow‐up point). CONDITION: Insomnia, paranoia, negative affect ; Mental and Behavioural Disorders PRIMARY OUTCOME: Sleep‐50 insomnia sub‐scale: assessing aspects of insomnia (both falling asleep and staying asleep); ; Each of the outcome measures were completed by all participants before the intervention started (baseline), immediately after the intervention (post‐intervention), 4‐weeks after the intervention and finally 18 weeks after the intervention SECONDARY OUTCOME: 1. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale‐21 (DASS‐21): the shortened form of DASS‐21 assessing feelings of depression, anxiety and stress, collectively referred to as negative affect; 2. Green Paranoid Thoughts Scale part B (GPTS‐B): measuring levels of paranoid thinking; ; Each of the outcome measures were completed by all participants before the intervention started (baseline), immediately after the intervention (post‐intervention), 4‐weeks after the intervention and finally 18 weeks after the intervention INCLUSION CRITERIA: Participants must be over the age of 18