Flavonoids Kinetics Study

INTERVENTION: Fruit and vegetable puree‐based drink (Vie shot, Unilever Bestfoods, Germany) and a sugar‐matched fruit‐flavoured cordial as the control The intervention food was 400 mL of either flavonoid‐rich fruit and vegetable puree‐based drink (Apple, Carrot and Strawberry Vie, Unilever Bestfoods) or a low‐flavonoid fruit‐flavoured sugar‐matched control drink. The participants randomly consumed 400 mL one of the drinks on the morning of the study day. They remained in the Human Nutrition Unit for 8 hours post‐ingestion and then returned the following morning to return an overnight urine collection and to give a blood sample. After a 4‐week washout period they repeated the procedure with the other intervention drink. CONDITION: Cardiovascular disease ; Circulatory System ; Cardiovascular disease PRIMARY OUTCOME: 1. Vasodilation assessed using laser doppler imaging with iontophoresis; 2. Vascular measurements were determined within 2 months of the end of the study SECONDARY OUTCOME: The antioxidant status was measured by: ; 1. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay; 2. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay ; 3. By measuring the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation by a copper catalyst INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Healthy individuals 2. Male or female 3. Aged 20‐50 years