Efficacy and Mechanisms of Non-invasive Brain-Computer Interface Combined with Acupuncture for Subacute Post-Stroke Dysphagia: an EEG-fNIRS Multimodal Assessment Study

INTERVENTION: Brain‐Computer Interface Group:On the basis of basic treatments‐including medication (for secondary prevention, improving cerebral circulation, neuroprotection, and muscle relaxation), as well as limb acupuncture, limb physical/occupational therapy, and swallowing rehabilitation (behavioral therapy + feeding training), all administered once daily for 30 minutes per session, 5 days per week for 3 consecutive weeks‐additional brain‐computer interface (BCI) intervention was provided. BCI training was conducted in a quiet, well‐lit standardized treatment room. The patient sat in a relaxed position, wore EEG electrodes connected to a signal acquisition module, and underwent a 5‐minute resting‐state baseline EEG recording, followed by 20 minutes of "swallowing visual induction" training, during which the therapist instructed the patient to rela Xand gaze at a flickering screen. The stimulation frequency was set at 10 Hz, the EEG sampling rate at 500 Hz, and signal quality was monitored in real time throughout the session. Treatment regimen: 30 minutes per session, twice daily (morning and afternoon), 5 days per week for 3 consecutive weeks.;Brain‐Computer Interface Combined with Acupuncture Group:On the basis of basic treatments (medication for secondary prevention, improving cerebral circulation, neuroprotection, and muscle relaxation; plus limb acupuncture, limb physical/occupational therapy, and swallowing rehabilitation [behavioral therapy + feeding training], all administered once daily for 30 min per session, 5 days/week for 3 weeks) and brain‐computer interface (BCI) intervention (with parameters identical to the BCI group), acupuncture was added. Acupoint selection followed the Nomenclature and Location of Acupuncture Points (GB/T 12346‐2021): Baihui (GV20), Fengfu (G CONDITION: 8B20 Post‐Stroke Dysphagia PRIMARY OUTCOME: Penetration‐Aspiration Scale,PAS; SECONDARY OUTCOME: Yale pharyngeal residue severity rating scale, YPR‐SRS;Modified Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability, MASA;functional oral intake scale,FOIS;EEG‐fNIRS multimodal data assessment;Clinical efficacy assessment; INCLUSION CRITERIA: (1)Meet the diagnostic criteria for stroke and present with dysphagia. (2)Aged 18 to 80 years, with no gender restriction. (3)Time from stroke onset between 1 week and 1 month. (4)Alert and without cognitive impairment (Minimum Mental State Examination [MMSE] score = 24). (5)Willing to participate in the clinical study voluntarily, with informed consent signed by the patient or their legal guardian.