Impact of physical exercises on inflammatory markers, fatigue, quality of life in prostate cancer men

INTERVENTION: 1. Supervised physical exercise program: The patients in the exercise group (EG) performed moderate‐intensity physical exercise 5 days per week. The study exercise program began before radiotherapy (RT) with aerobic and resistance exercises to evaluate the effects of RT and hormonal therapy (ADT) prior to the initiation of training. The physical activities were completed either alone or in groups and took place at the Rehabilitation Ward in the cancer centre (hospital) under the supervision of at least one physiotherapist. Optional exercises included brisk walking, running indoors or on a treadmill, and various cycling activities (30 minutes) and 15‐minute resistance exercises (2 sets of 8 repetitions of 5 different exercises: bicep curl, tricep extension, leg extension, leg curl, abdominal crunch) at 70% to 75% of their estimated one‐repetition maximum (1RM). All activities lasted approximately 50 – 55 minutes. The workout consisted of a 5‐minute warm‐up and 45 minutes of physical exercise, followed by a 5‐minute relaxation period. The physical activity was moderate, with a maximal heart rate of 65–70% (220 – age), according to American Cancer Society recommendations. The study's organizers verified the patients’ exercise programs through physical activity notebooks that were checked by a physician in the rehabilitation department once a week. 2. Usual care: The patients in the usual care group (UG) performed their own daily physical activity at home. Patients in this group were given standard advice regarding daily physical exercises. Patients randomized to the UG were instructed not to begin any formal physical exercise programs. CONDITION: Prostate cancer ; Cancer PRIMARY OUTCOME: 1. Efficacy of physical exercises (data from questionnaires); 2. Blood inflammation markers; 3. Assessment of functional capacity, fatigue and QoL during PCa treatment; ; They are measured before radiotherapy ( baseline), after 8 weeks, and after 10 months (12 month follow‐up). SECONDARY OUTCOME: Correlation (the relationship) between changes in inflammatory parameters with fatigue and QoL scores. INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Aged between 18 and 75 years 2. Scheduled ADT (LH‐analogue 10.8 mg every 3 months) planned to continue for a total period of 36 months (3 to 5 months prior to RT, during and after completion) 3. RT received a total dose of 76 Gy in 38 fractions (in the first phase of therapy, the pelvic lymph nodes along with the prostate gland and seminal vesicles were subjected to a dose of 46 Gy at 2 Gy fractions and in the second phase of therapy the irradiated volume was limited to prostate gland plus seminal vesicles to a total dose of 76 Gy), 4. Good general condition (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ‐ ECOG‐ performance status 0‐1)