Genomic and Proteomic Analyses of Apoptosis Mechanisms in Diseased Peri-implant Tissue

A total of 72 individuals were included in the study: 23 with peri-implant mucositis, 25 with peri-implantitis, and 24 healthy controls. Clinical and radiological parameters, including keratinized mucosa width, modified bleeding index, probing depth, modified plaque index, modified gingival index, and marginal bone loss percentage, were recorded. Granulation tissues were collected during peri-implant disease treatments, while healthy control tissues were obtained during the second stage of implant surgery. Tissue levels of Bcl-2 family pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins were measured using multiplex immunoassay, and tissue levels of P. gingivalis gingipain and T. denticola dentilisin with immunoblotting.