Open label multi-center randomized parallel two-group comparison test of the effects of hemoglobin levels on cardiovascular complications, prognosis, and quality of life in chronic hemodialysis patients

INTERVENTION: Adjust doses of iron erythropoietin to maintain hemoglobin level between 9.0 to 10.5 g/dl Adjust doses of iron and erythropoietin to maintain hemoglobin level between 11.0 to 12.0 g/dl CONDITION: Patients on hemodialysis therapy due to end‐stage renal failure PRIMARY OUTCOME: 1) Patient death by any cause including accidental death and every kind of complications.; 2) Newly diagnosed ischemic heart diseases: acute myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease diagnosed by coronary arteriography, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting; 3) Shunt failure: any procedures for reconstruction of A‐V fistula due to decreased blood flow.; 4) Newly diagnosed cereberovascular diseases: cerebral hemorrhage/infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage; 5) Newly diagnosed peripheral vessel disorders: intermittent claudication with definitive peripheral vascular disorders, newly developed ulcer or gangrene of extremities, delayed wound healing. SECONDARY OUTCOME: 1) Changes in sf36 scores; 2) Changes in urine volume; 3) Changes in left ventricular mass index measured by echocardiography; 4) Changes in pulse wave velocity; 5) Hospitalization due to any diseases including hospitalization for clinical evaluation of the newly developed diseases INCLUSION CRITERIA: Male and female patients; age between 21 years old and 80 years old. Written informed consent must be obtained. Patients should be on hemodialysis for longer than 3 months and in stable medical condition.