Phase I/II clinical trial of comparison between carbon-ion therapy and proton therapy for primary tumors

INTERVENTION: Carbon‐ion therapy Proton therapy CONDITION: primary malignant tumors PRIMARY OUTCOME: Local control rate SECONDARY OUTCOME: Late adverse effects INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1) Primary tumors of the head and neck, lung, liver, and bone and soft tissue eligible for the inclusion criteria and ineligible for the exclusion criteria of Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center 2) 20 years old or older 3) Can be treated by either carbon‐ion therapy or proton therapy 4) Expected to survive for 6 months or greater 5) Written informed consent